Tuesday, December 31, 2019

What Makes a Marine Ecosystem

An ecosystem is the collection of living and non-living things in an area, and their relationship to each other. It is how animals, plants and the environment interact together and thrive. Studying ecosystems is known as ecology. A marine ecosystem is one that occurs in or near salt water and is the kind that is studied in marine biology. (Freshwater ecosystems, on the other hand, are comprised of freshwater environments such as those in rivers or lakes. Marine biologists study those types of ecosystems as well.) Because the ocean covers 71 percent of the Earth, marine ecosystems make up a large part of our planet. They vary, but all play a valuable role in the planets health, as well as the health of humans. About Marine Ecosystems Ecosystems can vary in size, but all have parts that interact with and are dependent upon each other. Upsetting one component of an ecosystem may affect other parts. If youve ever heard of the phrase ecosystem approach, it is a type of natural resource management involving making decisions regarding the whole ecosystem, rather than various parts. This philosophy realizes that everything in an ecosystem is interconnected. This is why environmentalists and marine biologists must consider entire ecosystems even though they may focus on one creature or plant in it. Everything is tied together. Protecting Marine Ecosystems Another vital reason to study ecosystems is to protect them. Humans can have significant negative impacts on our environment that can wind up destroying ecosystems and harming human health. The  HERMIONE project, a program that monitors ecosystems, notes that certain fishing practices can harm cold-water coral reefs, for example. That is a problem because the reefs support a variety of living systems including providing a home for young fish. The reefs could also be sources of potential medicines to fight cancer, which is another reason to protect them. Human impacts are ruining the reefs, which are a vital ecosystem for humans and the environment as a whole. Knowing how they function, and how to support them prior to and after components are destroyed, is imperative to assist these ecosystems. In seagrass meadows and kelp forests, for example, robust biological diversity is key to the ecosystems. In one experiment, scientists reduced the number of seaweed species. That caused the total algal biomass to decrease, which lowered the amount of food.  When scientists decreased the species that graze on microalgae that grew on seagrass, the species ate less from areas that had fewer microalgae. As a result of that, the seagrass in those areas grew slower. It affected the entire ecosystem. Experiments like this help us learn how reducing biodiversity can be extremely harmful to sensitive ecosystems. Types of Marine Ecosystems Sandy BeachesRocky ShoresSalt MarshesCoral ReefsMangrovesDeep SeaHydrothermal Vents

Monday, December 23, 2019

Interview Questions On Telephone Interview Essay - 1707 Words

Question 1. 1.1 Types of interview: †¢ Telephone interview †¢ Face-to-face interview †¢ Panel interview †¢ Group interview †¢ Sequential interview †¢ Lunch/dinner interview †¢ Formal/informal interview ïÆ'Ëœ Telephone interview: Regularly companies ask for a phone interview before welcoming you in for a face-to-face interview so as to show sign of improvement comprehension of the kind of applicant you are. ïÆ'Ëœ Face-to-face interview: In face to face interview done by you and one of company employee or two members. ïÆ'Ëœ Panel interview: These types of interview include various individuals sitting as a board with one as director. This sort of meeting is prevalent inside of the general population area. ïÆ'Ëœ Group interview: A few applicants are available at this kind of meeting. You will be request that connect with one another by as a rule a gathering dialog. You may even be given an undertaking to do as a group, so ensure you talk up and give your sentiment. ïÆ'Ëœ Sequential interview: These are a few meeting thus with an alternate questioner every time. Typically, every questioner makes inquires to test different type of abilities. On the other hand, on the off chance that you are asked the same inquires, simply ensure you answer every one as completely as the past time. ïÆ'Ëœ Lunch/dinner interview: This type of meeting allows the business to evaluate your correspondence and interpersonal aptitude and also your social manner. So ensure you arrange carefully and ensure you don’t spill your drink.Show MoreRelatedA Non Experimental Research Design1317 Words   |  6 PagesUsing the mixed methods design, the methods of data collection adopted for this study will be the secondary data analysis and in-depth interview. For the quantitative data, secondary data from the General Social Survey (G.S.S.) (Victimization) from Statistics Canada of 2014 would be used. The qualitative method of data collection for this study would be in-depth interview. The two methods would be used to making simple generalizations on the behaviour of the whole study population i.e. a quantitativeRead MoreThe Survey Method Of Choice For A Researcher829 Words   |  4 Pagesmake conducting an interview the survey method of choice for a researcher. The interview can be com pleted face-to-face, either individually or as part of a focus group, or it can be completed by telephone. All of these methods allow a richer opportunity to gather information in a more open-ended fashion, allowing the interviewer to take note of body language, tone of voice, and other aesthetic aspects of the participant. Salant and Dillman (1994) recommend face-to-face interview surveys when respondentsRead MoreEvaluation Of At Outdoor Music Festivals And The Sustainable Functions They Provide1588 Words   |  7 Pagesstudy presents a true insight into the subjects studied at the particular time the research was carried out (Veal, 2006). Validity for the study is important to provide integrity and credibility of results and conclusions in regards to the research questions (Hesse-Biber and Leavy, 2010). The purpose of the study, provides event mangers with an insight to this knowledge the qualitative method will enable a wealth of rich, detailed and true insights (Bell, 2005; P atton, 2002), from personal experiencesRead MoreA Interview On Social Research Interviews853 Words   |  4 Pagessocial research interviews is that the interviewer elicits all different kinds of information from the interviewee/respondent. 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It is very important that questionnaire looks professional, provides clear instructions and is easy to read and organized in a way that it is easy to follow to preserve respondents motivation to fill it out and that questions are organized by topic and that response choices include all the possible responses respondents can make. b) The University of West Virginia is holding an election for student government. There are three candidates running for president. A politicalRead MoreEmployment and Interview785 Words   |  4 PagesWhen making an interview request by telephone, avoid using prepared scripts or notes. 2. If you do not receive a response after sending a cover letter and resume, make a telephone call or a personal visit to request an interview. 3. It is not appropriate to ask the gatekeeper about the company or the person(s) who interview and hire at that company. 4. Some companies require all applicants to apply through their human resources departments. 5. When making a request for an interview, you should emphasizeRead MoreA Selection System In Human Resource Management Is Combination1206 Words   |  5 Pageshours to execute. Telephone interviews Telephone interview is the second tool in the selection system. It involves contacting the applicants who passed the in the screening tool. The questions that are asked in the telephone interview are based on the job analysis weighed against the applicant’s responses in the application materials. It is a cost effective and reliabvle tool in selecting the best candidates who will proceed to next level in the recruitment process. One basic question that can askedRead MoreWhite Knight Case Study1253 Words   |  6 PagesWhite Knight Case Question 1 Based on the HR Business Partner of White Knight’s findings there is a lot of room for improvement in their recruitment and selection process. Performance levels and customer satisfaction are taking a hit due to a lack of efficiency in areas such as recruitment/selection, staff retention, job design methods and reward management. My first recommendation would be a change in the advert strategies used by the company by firstly redesigning the job description

Sunday, December 15, 2019

The Importance of a Portfolio Free Essays

A portfolio is a well created collection of documentation that helps the interviewee monitor their growth and success in a specific field. A portfolio should reflect your accomplishments, skills, experiences, and attributes. I believe that a portfolio is essential for you as the interviewee to prove what works you have completed and show organization and consistency which can be overlooked if there is not one present. We will write a custom essay sample on The Importance of a Portfolio or any similar topic only for you Order Now It also can help you gain confidence when you can visually review what your efforts have become in its entirety where in some cases there might not be any confidence or you may feel as though you have accomplished nothing. In your portfolio should be your resume, a letter of reference, samples of diagrams or events you have worked on in your previous positions or schooling, performance monitoring documents if you have them, school transcripts and certificates showing your grades, and some samples of your skills like writing documents or events that you may have planned within your career. The most essential reason it is important is in its ability to allow the interviewer a better way to review your growth and development and compare it to how you may grow in their company. Another important feature in a portfolio is the fact that it is or should be constantly changing. As an interviewee, your portfolio from 2008 should not have the same accomplishments as 2011 seeing as though you have had 3 years of opportunity to gain new skills, experienced different situations, and overall accomplished harder and or different challenges. Since most people don’t use portfolios, having one can set you apart from other applicants when applying to a position. With a portfolio you are able to customize your style of portfolio and showcase not only your jobs skills and experience, but also your ability to be creative. How you choose to organize your portfolio advertises your personality to potential employers and organizations and that alone may get you the job. The use of a portfolio is just limited to a professional setting, it can also be used in a school setting to assist you in receiving scholarships and grants so that you can further your education. Also sense a portfolio demonstrates prior work or learning experiences it can be used in some cases to obtain educational credits based off of what you have already had experience instead of paying a additional cost to be taught in that field. How to cite The Importance of a Portfolio, Papers

Saturday, December 7, 2019

Business Process in Construction Company †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Business Process in Construction Company. Answer: Introduction: For the purpose of identifying the root causes of the failure in Latino Engineering, the company will need situational analysis concept (Lee et al., 2007). The main objective of implementing the situational analysis concept is to analyze the problems in the focus area of the projects running in the organization. The concert will help in analyzing the root causes of the issues, it will also help in identifying the root causes of the problems and developing the solutions for the mitigation of the issues (Lee et al., 2007). Situational analysis is mainly conducted by using the data like the statistical data and survey research. The main elements of the situational analysis comprise of data analysis factors (Lee et al., 2007). Observation of the elements: With the help of observation technique, we will be able to examine the participants and their acts Structured Interviews: The questions for the interview will be structured in advance and the other new questions will be addressed during the discussion time from the answers of participants (Krishna, 2006). Focus group: A group ten to 15 people can be structured who will be allowed to discuss the issues and come down to one solution through consensus. The group will be managed by the moderator who will talk freely with the participants. The purpose of such technique is to gain an in-depth analysis of the issues (Krishna, 2006). Visual Techniques: techniques like community mapping and group ranking can be used in this concept. This concept will help in determining the priority list and the norms. Work Shops: Workshops can be arranged with the local people and outsiders for the discussion of the issues being faced by Latino engineering Company (Gravon, 2009). Any of the above-discussed techniques can be utilized for the situational analysis implementation. The concept will help in understanding the exact situation of the company (Gravon, 2009). This analysis requires to be carried out with the full participation of the beneficiaries of the project and the stakeholders. The analysis is very important and essential part of the project as it shows the logical links regarding the determined issues and the causes(Gravon, 2009). Analysis of the problem: After examining the situation in the complete sense, the information will be interpreted in the best possible way for the purpose of making clear the reasons and consequences of the issues and thereby linking them into relationships(srmuniv, 2012). How can problem analysis be conducted? One of the important ways is to think in respect of the logical steps for the determination of the causes of the issues which help in answering the question in the term of why (Aized, 2002). A team will be required to be deployed to ensure proper identification of the underlying causes(Aized, 2002). It is expected that there will be number of underlying causes for the problems under consideration (Aized, 2002). When the point will reach where there will be no answers to the issues, then it will mean that many of the underlying issues and the root causes have been illustrated and it is now high time to start with the designing of the projects(Grantesd, 2011). Tree Diagram: For the main motive of visualizing the issues, various types of techniques like the tree diagram and the fishbone diagram can be utilized (Grantesd, 2011). The diagram of problem tree will be useful for the company as it shows the flow of the main layer cause through the various casual layers towards the issues itself and towards the consequences of the respective issues. The problems will be understood in respect to the layers and the project managers will become clear about the measures that has to be taken for bringing positive changes (Grantesd, 2011). Below is the plan for uplifting the conditions of the company in the market Defective equipment of the engineering: the outcome of the improper maintenance and improper testing procedures of the company results in serious issues in the defective engineering equipment. The issues may arise because of the negligence of the engineers who are mainly working in the section of maintenance. The engineers of the department are required to look seriously in respect of the quality matters. The staff requires being clearly supervised in a strict and regular manner. Training of the employees is required to be arranged in a proper way. As most of the employees are working since a long time in the organization. So it can be said that the experience factor is not lacking anywhere. The rules and regulations implemented in the company need to be re-evaluated and launched with proper strictness. The supervisors are required to boost the morale of the employees so that they get more attached to the company (Grantesd, 2011). Eternal Stakeholders: The external stakeholders are the main critical elements of the organization. In the above case, because of the retirement of the owner of the company and the stakeholders have suffered because they were all attached to the company as the work policies of Dominic were genuine and standardized. The lack of trust in the external stakeholders and internal ones is creating big issues. For resolving such issues, the investment groups are required to meet at regular intervals with the stakeholders o explain the situations and proceedings of the company regarding the better quality (Grantesd, 2011). Poor Deigning and development: The feedbacks of the stakeholders are very important. Regular follow-ups of the stakeholders are very necessary for the proper running of the business. The cause of such kind of discrepancies may be the lack of the effective team and less number of employees who are required. Proper follow-ups at regular intervals are needed in the service sectors as they help in building customer trust and loyalty. The company aims to work with customers and is willing to provide them with the best of the products/services at competitive price. The hiring of the employees for the department and regular sessions of training are required to be organized immediately. Even the older employees are required to be offered some training regarding the new tools and techniques in the market (linkedin, 2017). Longer turnaround time for the resolution of the issues: This issue is rising because of varieties of issues like the slow or improper designs, slow services of the system, inadequate management at the hierarchical level, lack of skill and trained staff. The issues related to the computer system can be easily rectified by regular maintenance of the systems and the proper management by the engineers for resolving the problem before reaching the customers. Appropriate hiring and recruitment process is required to be followed for the resolution of the lack of skilled workers issues. Nonresponsive teams: The team of customer services is the main part of the service sector industry. The non-responsiveness might be arising because of the insufficient number of the executive or lack of morale of the employees because of the changes in the ownerships. The Same workforce was working under Dominic and used to give better results. The reason for the degraded performances may be the clash of culture between the working environments generated by the two different ownerships. As the company decides to continue with the old employees, the morale of the company needs to be continuously boosted up. The same employees used to give effective results under the ownership of Dominic, so the same results are to be taken out even now (Wheeler, 2014). The human resource management in the company and the working culture seems to be quite better during first ownership. The culture of the work in the company needs to be more innovative and the worker should be offered more empowerment. The department of human resource needs to take matter seriously and as soon as possible regarding the insufficient hiring (Wheeler, 2014). Wrong equipment use: Effective packaging comprises of pickers reaching the right bins, determining the parcels with the correct numbers of the tickets, picking it up on time and sending it to a designated location. The cause of the issues and differences related to the issues might have risen because of the lack of responsibilities in the picks or maybe because of the inappropriate training offered to the employees in the warehouses. Training procedures needs to be accurately supervised and should be conducted on effective time (Wheeler, 2014). Continuous improvement plan to ensure the problems and issues are not repeated. After the complete assessment of the company, Latino Engineering organization will be needed to act on the specified areas for the purpose of improvement (Yoon, 2003). The plan of continuous improvement will be offering structured plan for the company (Ball Maleyeff, 2003) Analysis will be done in respect of the areas of improvement Outlining of the varied actions and the tasks which are essential (Miers, 2003) Allocation of the various responsibilities (Emiliant, 1998) Prioritizing the varied cats of improvement (Smith Fingar., 2002) Illustration and establishment of the frames of time for the completion of the task (Sinur Bell., 2003) Controlling and monitoring of the effectiveness of the improvement tasks (Chang, 2005) The plan for continuous improvement is mainly related to the process management (Rother Shook, 1999). The plan for continuous improvement will mainly make the behaviors of the team member more uniform (Moore, 1999). Without the focus and the alignment of the achievements of the goal, the acts can mainly contradict with each other and can also damage the effectiveness and efficiencies of the members (Womack Jones, 1996). The company has a culture of focusing on the designing of the products which they offer (Khan, 2004). In such kind of culture, people are mainly tilted to empathizing the problems that are quite tangible and measurable (Krishna, 2004). As the organization is not following the continuous improvement plans so they all will be required to follow the steps, which have been described below (Ball Maleyeff, 2003): Goals: There are needs for entering in the SMART concept and the development values (Harmon, 2003) Strategy: The company is needed to offer the strong level of leadership to guide the projects with the plan of continuous improvement (Ball Maleyeff, 2003) Steps of Action: The stakeholders of the company are needed to ensure that company needs to have equitable and supportive environment (Verma, 2009) Plan for continuous improvement The organization is required to implement the lean management technique for the effectiveness of the process of the company. For the effectiveness and improvement of the processes, the company is needed to implement a new management process in the company. Such procedures will help in increasing the services with the help of structured approaches towards the improvement in the performances (Jeston Nelis, 2010). As the mapping of the value stream is quite an effective methodology for the illustration of the rules and the procedures of the business there is a need for the adoption of the new techniques and tools for the processing of the business managing for the reduction in the wastages and the increments in the values (Snabe et al., 2008). Commitment from management: It is very important that the senior management should show some commitment level towards the employees so that they feel informed and connected with the company Focus on Customer: Customer is the main source of revenue for the revenue and failure in satisfying the needs of the customer can affect the business Supplier quality: Suppliers are the main source of the resources and any kind of discrepancies in the supplier management can lead to bad quality Employee empowerment: It is important to involve in decision making so that they can support the decisions of seniors and can also offer their ideas for improvement The procedures of the company have been in the process of designing the tools which comprise of the establishment of the budgets. The main values of the process are to reduce the wastages in the budgets and the achieving the goals of the enhancing value of the money (Ball Maleyeff, 2003) Process Flow determination The stream of value requires being used as the main tool which will encompass the activities and the structures of the project as the base of the analysis of the future flows. The process will involve the receipts of the designs and the estimations of the budget(Deming, 2008). The figure below describes the typical processing of the business of the company for the control of the budgets. The procedures need to be carried forward by the filed officers. In many of the cases, it gets very cumbersome to design the tools because there is lack of time and training. When such conditions occur a lot of discrepancies like the waste, incorrect data management and task overlap occur. The issues can be managed by the implementation of the function of business processing. Some important functions associated with the process are: Task overlapping: this issue will be resolved with the help of automation of the task Inaccurate data for orders: this issue will be resolved with the help of automation of the task Delay in the decision-making process: this issue will be resolved with the help of management of performances Obscurement of the flow: this issue will be resolved with the help of management of process Unnecessary activities: this issue will be resolved with the help of management of process and automation of the task Development of the value through business processing After the decrease in the waste elements, the managers of the department of the designing will be required to manage the wastes that might occur in the future times. The management process of the business will be needed to offer support towards the participation of the processes with the help of information and people. The charts below show the systematized value creation form the plan of improvement. Particulars Received Started Key Indicators Day of schedule Ending day Status Person responsible Department Responsible Receiving of the specifications 7/10/2017 7/10/2017 5 months - - Not yet started Project Manager Project management Filling the budget which is estimated 7/10/2017 7/10/2017 4 months - - Not yet started Project Manager Project management Receiving the budget estimation 7/10/2017 7/10/2017 5 months - - Not yet started Project Manager Project management Estimation of the control 7/10/2017 7/10/2017 4 months - - Not yet started Project Manager Project management Confirming the plan of work - - Not yet started Project Manager Project management Fulfillment of the estimations - - Not yet started Project Manager Project management Conclusion In this research study, we have described the need for adaptation of the continuous improvement plan for the organization as the organization is facing various types of issues. The plan for improvement is associated with the new technologies for making the process of improvement continuous in nature. References Aized, T., 2002. Total Quality Management And Six Sigma. InTech. Ball, D.R. Maleyeff, J., 2003. Lean Management of Environmental Consulting. Journal of Management in Engineering. Chang, J.I., 2005. "Business Process Management systems.". Taylor Francis,. Deming, W.E., 2008. Quality Control And Continuous Improvement. Prenhall. Emiliant, M.L., 1998. Lean behaviours.. Manage. Desion. Grantesd, 2011. Continuos Improvement Plan. Grantesd. Gravon, R., 2009. Continuous Improvement Plan. Randy Gravon. Harmon, P., 2003. Business Process Change: A Manager's Guide to Improving, Redesigning, and Automating Processes. Morgan Kaufmann. Jeston, J. Nelis, J., 2010. Business Process Management. Routledge. Khan, R.N., 2004. Business Process Management: A Practical Guide. Meghan-Kiffer Press. Krishna, S.J., 2004. Business Process Management: Concepts and Cases. ICFAI University Press. Krishna, S.J., 2006. Business Activity Monitoring: An Introduction. ICFAI University Press. Lee, D.H., Song, Y.W. Choi, Y.K., 2007. Continuous Improvement Plan Of Business Process In Construction Company. IGLC. linkedin, 2017. 5 Reasons Why The Follow-Up Call Is So Important. [Online] Available at: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/5-reasons-why-follow-up-call-so-important-ryan-morwood. Miers, D., 2003. "Best Practice BPM." Workflow systems. Moore, S., 1999. "Lean operations are future of processing for Asian companies." Mod. Plast. Rother, M. Shook, J., 1999. "Learning to see.". Bookline, Massachusetts. Sinur, J. Bell., T., 2003. "A BPM Ta xonomy: Creating Clarity in a ConfusingMarket." Gartner. Smith, H. Fingar., P., 2002. "Business Process Management: The third wave.". Meghan Kiffer, Tampa, USA. Snabe, J.H., Rosenberg, A., Mller, C. Scavillo, M., 2008. Business process management: the SAP roadmap. Galileo Press. srmuniv, 2012. Total Quality Management. [Online] Available at: https://www.srmuniv.ac.in/sites/default/files/downloads/TQM_Intro.pdf. Verma, N., 2009. Business Process Management: Profiting from Process. Global India Publications. Wheeler, C., 2014. Picking Error Problems - Suggestions and Solutions. [Online] Available at: https://www.newcastlesys.com/bid/349401/picking-error-problems-suggestions-and-solutions. Womack, J.P.. Jones, D.T., 1996. "Lean thinking.". New York: Simon and Schuster. Yoon, Y.S., 2003. Service 6 sigma 101.. Nemo Books.

Friday, November 29, 2019

Military History of United States of America

Abstract Generally the American people have been having a love-hate relationship with war. On one hand, the military has been approaching war with intentions of acquiring military victory (Millett, 1984).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Military History of United States of America specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The military leaders have been shying away from the complicated approach of turning military triumphs into strategic successes. Instead they have opted to concentrate on conquering campaigns and battles while the policy makers have focused their attention in diplomatic struggles that influence or are influenced by the actual military fighting. On the other hand, a number of military scholars argue that Americans involvement in history’s â€Å"small wars† such as the Boxer rebellion and the contemporary intervention in Kosovo and Bosnia were well intentioned (Murray, 1996). America got involved in these small wars, not with an intention of acquiring decisive victory over her opponents but for the purposes of providing protection and inflicting punishment to the offenders. The America way of war thus seems to appear like the proverbial coin, with two sides. On one side it wages war with hatred while on the other side it does so with love for the concerned nations. Introduction In the United States military history, modeling is defined as functional, descriptive or physical representations of systems (Millett, 1984). The representations may occur in the forms of logical algorithms, mathematical equations, three dimensional digital images or even as partial physical mock-up of the entire system. In addition, the models also refer to the decision making process and the automated data processing which occur within the battle field computers and inside the human brain. Among the systems, military weapons systems usually include air, land and sea vehicles, hand-held weapons, communication equipment and the individual soldiers. The models also cover areas of environment representation such as the vegetation, terrain, the atmosphere, ocean and the cultural features. All these different combinations that compose the model are useful for the purposes of accurately representing potential military situations (Murray, 1996).Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The military officers have categorized the use of the models into three large application groups. The first group is for use in development, research and acquisition. In this kind of applications, models provide an insight into the performance and cost of military processes, equipment or missions that have been put in place for future use (Murray, 1996). This group of model uses scientific inquiry to come up with new facts or for revising the existing ones. Once approved the discoveries are the n transformed into physical representation. The second category is based on exploring advanced requirements and concepts. This category of model presents military situations and models in a way that gives the military an opportunity to conduct trade studies and concept explorations into alternatives (Millett, 1984). The trade studies in many occasions explore multiple variations on new weapons and tactics; they also try to examine the effectiveness of each of them. This model may be used for the purposes of understanding physical equipments or weapons, but could also be used to explore the various processes for organizing and carrying out a mission. It calls for a sober understanding of the processes and interactions that exist between the various steps in the processes. The model is also helpful to the military in creating operations doctrines, selection of acquisition materials and in internal organization construction (Murray, 1996). The third model is made up of education, train ing and military operations. Using this model the military staff is stimulated with specific military scenario. The main goal is to determine the extent to which the military staff has learned execution of the doctrines they have been taught. It also provides them with an opportunity of experimenting with new ideas and determining how such ideas could be useful in a real warfare situation. All this is done within controlled and secure environments which are free from life threatening situations that are a characteristic of a real combat operation. The American military modeling has been in existent for many years and is evident today in the comparison of the realistic three-dimensional military education and training systems (Murray, 1996).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Military History of United States of America specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The American army, for instance provides its staff with an environment for experimentation and training, a tool for enhancing Army recruitment education on military lifestyle and as a game for use for anyone in need of excitement in their leisure time. The three models can be represented in very many ways but the commonly used approaches in presenting military missions and systems include engineering, constructive, virtual, and live and environment. The American military created policies and goals in order to achieve an enduring army that is enabled by sustainable operations, systems, installations and communities. The set goals help in ensuring that all the military operations are self sustainable. They also act as a link between the military objectives and the required actions for the success of all the laid operations. However, the American military policies and goals have been in a state turmoil for the past fifteen years. The goals have greatly changed and as a result stability has being given the highest priority among the militar y policies. The military has undergone great evolution with intentions of creating stability in its forces, expenditure and in its concepts. These changes contrast greatly with the previous military policy which has been constant conflict and change (Murray, 1996). The American military policy has been evolving through a war to peace to war cycle. Previously America has been responding to war after sensing danger. The country has been using its military officer in times of war, only after ensuring that there is a serious danger to its citizens. This kind of war preparation has caused the country to lose all the fruits associated with war victory (Murray, 1996). However the nation has learnt that it would be hard to anticipate the course of war if the changing relationships among the international actors were the only factors to be considered in influencing changes for the future. The military forces have therefore started to realize that they are living in a transitional era which u ses machine and information. This has therefore altered war preparedness within the military and has completely changed its way of fighting. The current military preparations are geared towards decreasing domestic civil disturbances. The soldiers are trained using very flexible systems so as to learn without a lot of struggle and at the same time they are also taught the military doctrines which advocate for respect to human life. America has learnt from its previous war experiences, which have shown that the modern technologies have greatly changed the dynamics of war. The country has therefore started altering its fighting ways so as to stay ahead of the potential enemies. The military has started to use current technological weapons and techniques in training its soldiers.Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The changes in the U.S military policies and goals have also been influenced by the current technological changes. Simulation technology, for instance, has now become a main strategic capability for the U.S military. The commercial simulations have created a dramatic effect on military’s training and education programs. In addition the military has also in cooperated simulations and war gaming within the curriculum of each war college and into every commander-in-chief head quarter’s operations. On the other hand the commercial entertainment and the World Wide Web technology provide relevant innovative techniques for enabling staff and students to work as a team in very complex virtual environments (Murray, 1996). This has enabled the current generation of soldiers to become accustomed with the internet in order to take advantage of the powerful multimedia capabilities and graphics. Conclusion American military has remarkably been consistent in how it has been choosing to go for war. Through the various models the American military has effectively managed to inherit the ability to translate industrial capacity, technological innovations and national wealth into very effective battlefield advantages (Millett, 1984). However in this current era of limited wars, the military has also shifted towards utilizing limited means too. The lives of its soldiers have become the most precious resources thus it is increasingly seeking to develop war methods that will replace manpower expenditure with the expenditure of firepower. The American military is also changing its war preparation approach. It has moved from the traditional â€Å"wait and see† approach toward a modern technological approach (Murray, 1996). The military training are now accompanied by current technological weapons and games in order to ensure the country is well secured. References Millett, A.R. Maslowski, P.R (1984). For the common defense: a military history of the  United Sta tes of America. New York, NY: Free press foundation. Murray, H.Y.,Williamson, B.M. Allan, R. M.(1996) Military Innovation in the Interwar Period. Millitary operations, 18(5), 145-152. This research paper on Military History of United States of America was written and submitted by user Kaden Mcconnell to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Monday, November 25, 2019

Psuedo Dionysius essays

Psuedo Dionysius essays As the scripture says, anyone who trust in him will never be put to shame. For there is no difference between Jew and Gentile-the same Lord is Lord of all richly blesses all who call on him, for, everyone who calls on the name of the Lord will be saved. This is the prophet St. Paul speaking and Psuedo Dionysius preached and wrote about the word of St. Paul. Dionysius listened and learned from Pauls preaching and applied his knowledge to his everyday writings. This paper is about Dionysius and his writings. Dionysius was a peripatetic who stressed the importance of language. The language that he stressed was proven through the writings that he did. Dionysius influenced the Christian life across the world. The background of Dionysius was quite limited. He was apparently born into a wealthy pagan family in Athens. He was probably Greek. As a young man he went to a place called Heliopolis and witnessed a most unusual event in the skies above, which he describes in detail, in letter 7. He says that this event occurred on the day of the Crucifixion of Christ. He had a famous teacher named "Hierotheus", whose description sounds a lot like Philo of Alexandria. Dionysius lived probably in the late-fifth century, which puts him roughly around the same time as Boethius. He was probably a Syrian monk who, known only by his pseudonym, wrote a series of Greek articles and letters for the purpose of uniting Neoplatonic philosophy with Christian theology and mystical experience. These writings established a definite Neoplatonic trend in a large segment of medieval Christian doctrine and spirituality-especially in the Western Latin Church-that has determined sides of its religious and devotional character to the present time. Historical research has been unable to identify the author, who, having assumed the name of the New Testament convert of St. Paul (Acts 17:34), could have been one of several Christian writers famili...

Friday, November 22, 2019

Hurricane Wind Driven Ventilator in Saudi Arabia Essay

Hurricane Wind Driven Ventilator in Saudi Arabia - Essay Example Wind power Wind power is the process of converting wind energy into any other form of energy that may be beneficial to human consumption or usage (Wind power, 2012). This can be done by using wind turbines for producing electricity (Fig 1) windmills to produce mechanical power, using wind pumps for pumping out water or in drainage and in the sails for propelling the seas in the oceans. A large winding farm can contain thousands of individual wind turbines (Mother Nature Takes a Part: Wind Energy, 1999) that are connected with the network of electric power transmission. The wind farms that are located in offshore locations usually harness powerful winds which are more frequent in the areas. In Saudi Arabia or the Gulf countries the wind pattern is more regular in nature (Hays, 2009). The power of the earth's wind along with the solar radiation that reaches earth can play a major role in increasing the energy supply in the kingdom. The project discussed in the paper is the Hurricane: W ind Driven Ventilator that was undertaken by the Green Energy Solutions company in Saudi Arabia. These exhaust ventilators were used to cool the temperatures during the hottest summers. An Introduction to the Project The kingdom of Saudi Arabia has a dry, arid climate with continuous general flow of the wind (Dry Climates - B Climate Type, 2011). The Hurricane: Wind Driven Ventilator project was developed by Green Energy Solution. The company specializes in their knowledge about wind, solar energy and how to use these renewable sources of energy to produce an eco-friendly solution. There are many projects that have been completed by the company successfully in UAE. One such project was the Hurricane: Wind Driven Ventilator that was completed by the company known as International Paints...A large winding farm can contain thousands of individual wind turbines (Mother Nature Takes a Part: Wind Energy, 1999) that are connected with the network of electric power transmission. The wind fa rms that are located in offshore locations usually harness powerful winds which are more frequent in the areas. In Saudi Arabia or the Gulf countries the wind pattern is more regular in nature (Hays, 2009). The power of the earth's wind along with the solar radiation that reaches earth can play a major role in increasing the energy supply in the kingdom. The project discussed in the paper is the Hurricane: Wind Driven Ventilator that was undertaken by the Green Energy Solutions company in Saudi Arabia. These exhaust ventilators were used to cool the temperatures during the hottest summers.The kingdom of Saudi Arabia has a dry, arid climate with continuous general flow of the wind (Dry Climates - B Climate Type, 2011). The Hurricane: Wind Driven Ventilator project was developed by Green Energy Solution. The company specializes in their knowledge about wind, solar energy and how to use these renewable sources of energy to produce an eco-friendly solution. There are many projects that have been completed by the company successfully in UAE. One such project was the Hurricane: Wind Driven Ventilator that was completed by the company known as International Paints (International Paints, n.d).

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Llustrate how property and motor vehicle insurance impact your Speech or Presentation

Llustrate how property and motor vehicle insurance impact your financial resources - Speech or Presentation Example Consequently, establishing this fact enables an individual to choose an apposite venture that suites his/her risk orientation. Evidently, the above couple requires a low risk venture. However, such investment has minimal returns. Appraising of a venture’s risks constitutes budgeting of investments. Diverse investments have differing risks. Thus, it is essential to manage risk associated with the each venture. For an investor to optimize benefits emanating from funds committed, it is indispensable to manage the investments as they progress (Stone, 2011). Secondly, an investment strategy ought to stipulate the relevant undertakings required to ensure realization of the venture objectives. Accordingly, Mr. and Mrs. Garner should budget their finances appropriately. This ensures they have enough net revenue that will finance the venture they seek to undertake to support retirement and college for their sibling (Besley & Brigham, 2007). Thirdly, budgeting will permit the couple to establish an investment strategy. This policy will avail prior familiarity to the couple on suitable investments. Mr. and Mrs. Garner will realize the apt strategy they require to institute to have adequate finances to invest. Mr. and Mrs. Garner should choose a venture that extends over a prolonged period. The couple seeks to invest in a plan that will finance their departure from employment. Such an investment will require budgeting to enable the couple to avail funds at apt durations. The couple ought to enrol into a retirement fund. The scheme subtract the funds required to fund the plan prior to the member receives the salary. Consequently, the couple will not default payment of the investment subscription. Budgeting is critical in investment planning since it enables the financier to avail funds timely. Finally, an investment strategy should adopt a means to appraisal of ventures. As such, the couple can monitor the progress of the venture.

Monday, November 18, 2019

International Intercultural Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

International Intercultural Management - Essay Example ncient times, many different matters are in the need to be managed, control of army, population management, religious matters, practices and management of culture across borders is a matter present from thousands of years. Corporations and business is changed in recent times, now even corporations are working globally and keeping cultures and philosophies part of the key factor which they consider while working globally. This world has become a global world and in order to make best out of the business world, no one can survive alone and these cultural barriers are also been broken. Domestic Market has started expanding globally and this globalization came with a huge responsibility of maintaining peace and harmony amongst different cultures and countries, this management is the key factor to reach the top of this corporate world. Advancements within the technologies associated with connection and also transportation, plus the lessening charges associated with production, brings about an increasing number of corporations benefiting from your developing accessibility associated with worldwide areas. Management of resources and all other business related matters around the world is becoming easy and cultural differences are becoming minor factor in growth and development. Leadership can be described as a position of a leader who guides others and being a good leader requires many qualities and a person who possesses such qualities can be a good leader. Good or bad leadership defines the success or failure of the particular country. Leadership is a very important pillar of a country, whole nation depends on the one pillar which makes or breaks a country. In broader perspective it can be said that leadership of a country is responsible success or failure of a country. Nigeria, Pakistan and China are different in terms of leadership and style of Government in these countries is diverse. Being a democratic country Nigeria has this negative image in terms of leaders

Saturday, November 16, 2019

Pharisees Sadducees Zealots And Essenes Theology Religion Essay

Pharisees Sadducees Zealots And Essenes Theology Religion Essay We must first look at the history of Israel to find the emergence of the main religious sects. Israel was sinning against God, not following the laws of Moses, intermarrying with other nations, and worshiping other gods. God sent prophets to speak to the Israelites to bring them back to him, but if they would not listen. The prophets would often prophesize events that would come because of the disobedience, but also restoration also. The events that lead to this split within the Jewish culture happened around the deportation and exile of an unknown number of Jews of the ancient Kingdom of Judah to Babylon by Nebuchadnezzar II, starting with the first deportation in 597 BCE (Coogan, 1999, pg 350) and continuing after the fall of Jerusalem and destruction of the Temple in 587 BCE (Jer 52,12-13). Fast forward to 539 BC, the Persians had captured Babylon; and Cyrus the great had allowed the Israelites to return back to Israel. Ezra 1:1-2: In the first year of Cyrus king of Persia, in ord er to fulfill the word of the LORD spoken by Jeremiah, the LORD moved the heart of Cyrus king of Persia to make a proclamation throughout his realm and also to put it in writing: This is what Cyrus king of Persia says: The LORD, the God of heaven, has given me all the kingdoms of the earth and he has appointed me to build a temple for him at Jerusalem in Judah. Any of his people among you may go up to Jerusalem in Judah and build the temple of the LORD, the God of Israel, the God who is in Jerusalem, and may their God be with them. And in any locality where survivors may now be living, the people are to provide them with silver and gold, with goods and livestock, and with freewill offerings for the temple of God in Jerusalem.It was during these times that it is believed the two main sects; the Pharisees and Sadducees emerged. W. D. Morrison puts it: Long before the names Pharisee and Sadducee appear in the pages of history the divergent tendencies which these two parties represented were in existence within the Jewish community. It has, in fact, been contended that the foundation of their differences goes back into pre-exilian times, and that the priests and prophets of the old Israelitish monarchy are the true precursors of the Sadducees and Pharisees. But the complete transformation which Jewish society underwent after the return from Babylon (W Morrison, 2007, pg 13). Although it was not until the Maccabean period that these two groups properly emerged as prominent groups within the Jewish culture Pharisees The name Pharisee in its Hebrew form means separatists, or the separated ones, The Pharisees were common people, which consisted of laymen and scribes. According to Maayan Jaffe The Pharisees offered answers for how to live in a post-Temple world and for how to engage with the sacred in their daily lives. Likewise, the Pharisees had a commitment to scholarly debate. Their responses and their inclination for argument for the sake of Torah would eventually constitute Rabbinic Judaism. (The rabbis of the Amoraic period, for example, completed redacting the Jerusalem Talmud circa 400 C.E. and the Babylonia one circa 500 C.E.) (Jaffe pg 14, 2008). While Encyclopedia Britannica gives the reader further information on the beliefs of the Pharisees The Pharisees, on the other hand, believed that the Law that God gave to Moses was twofold, consisting of the Written Law and the Oral Law, i.e. the teachings of the prophets and the oral traditions of the Jewish people (Encyclopedia Britannica onl ine). The Basic role of The Pharisees was to keep the law. The Pharisees were very zealous for the Law of Moses, but they also considered themselves the guardians of the oral traditions that scholars developed over generations. The oral traditions interpreted the Law of Moses. For example, the Law said to keep the Sabbath. They were not to work on Gods holy day. Yet, what was work and what was not? The oral traditions filled in the details that Moses left out. For instance, how far could a person walk on the Sabbath without it being work? The interpreters decided that the distance was 2000 cubits which is about 2/3 of a mile. This was known as a Sabbaths day journey. Where did they get that number? When the Hebrews carried the Ark of the Covenant in the wilderness, God commanded them to walk 2000 cubits behind the ark. They decided that was Gods way of telling them how far one could walk on the Sabbath (Doug Reed, pg 1, 2011) The Pharisees also maintained that an afterlife existed and that God punished the wicked and rewarded the righteous in the world to come. They also believed in a messiah who would herald an era of world peace. Sadducees The Sadducees, by contrast, were the chief priests and people of the highest social and wealth class of the time, who were installed by the Roman government, primarily for the purpose of keeping the peace between Rome and the Jews. They were often wealthy and part of the ruling class in Jesus day. Many of them comprised the priesthood, but unlike the Levites, were not from the ancestral line of priests (royal priesthood, descendents of Aaron) that controlled the temple in Jerusalem. They only recognized the Torah as the inspired word of God. They acknowledged neither the prophets nor the oral traditions that came after the first five books of the Bible. Consequently, they did not believe in the resurrection or any life after death. They were often at odds with the Pharisees over this matter. (Doug Reed, pg 1, 2011) Essenes/Qumran The Essenes were a branch of Pharisees who emphasized a communal life and ritual purity, including full-body immersion for spiritual cleansing. Perhaps the best-known Essene is John the Baptist, And so John the Baptist  appeared in the wilderness, preaching a baptism of repentance  for the forgiveness of sins.  The whole Judean countryside and all the people of Jerusalem went out to him. Confessing their sins, they were baptized by him in the Jordan River.   John wore clothing made of camels hair, with a leather belt around his waist,  and he ate locusts  and wild honey (Mark 1:4-6). According to the Jewish Dictionary: A branch of the Pharisees who conformed to the most rigid rules of Levitical purity while aspiring to the highest degree of holiness. They lived solely by the work of their hands and in a state of communism, devoted their time to study and devotion and to the practice of benevolence, and refrained as far as feasible from conjugal intercourse and sensual ple asures, in order to be initiated into the highest mysteries of heaven and cause the expected Messianic time to come (Jewish Encyclopedia pg 19-20, 1906), it goes on to say: that ten thousand of them had been initiated by Moses into the mysteries of the sect, which, consisting of men of advanced years having neither wives nor children, practised the virtues of love and holiness and inhabited many cities and villages of Judea, living in communism as tillers of the soil or as mechanics according to common rules of simplicity and abstinence. In another passage he speaks of only four thousand Essenes, who lived as farmers and artisans apart from the cities and in a perfect state of communism, and who condemned slavery, avoided sacrifice, abstained from swearing, strove for holiness, and were particularly scrupulous regarding the Sabbath, which day was devoted to the reading and allegorical interpretation of the Law. Zealots The Zealots were yet another offshoot of the Pharisees. The Zealots believed that they could bring the beginning of the Messianic era (which included an end to foreign domination of Judea) by starting a rebellion against Rome. The dictionary also refers to Zealots as a member of a radical, warlike, ardently patriotic group of Jews in Judea, particularly prominent from a.d. 69 to 81, advocating the violent overthrow of Roman rule and vigorously resisting the efforts of the Romans and their supporters to heathenize the Jews. (Dictionary.com 2008) The Oxford History of the Biblical World, ed. by Michael D Coogan. Pub. by Oxford University Press, 1999. pg 350 Jews under Roman RulebyW. D. Morrison pg 13 2007 Dictionary.com was launched in 1995, under the name of Lexico Publishing, LLC and was acquired by IAC in 2008. Today, it is the most-visited, most trusted, online dictionary.   1906 Jewish Encyclopedia pg 19-20 Jaffe, Maayan.  Baltimore Jewish TimesHYPERLINK http://search.proquest.com/socialsciences/indexingvolumeissuelinkhandler/25578/Baltimore+Jewish+Times/02008Y01Y04$23Jan+4,+2008$3b++Vol.+300+$281$29/300/1?accountid=44543300.  1  (Jan 4, 2008): 14. Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica  Ã‚   Author(s) As of 2008, 4,411 named contributors Country Scotland (1768-1900) United States (1901-present) Language English Subject(s) General Genre(s) Referenceencyclopaedia Publisher Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, Inc. Official site Publication date 1768-2010 (printed version) Media type As of 2010, 32 volumes (hardbound) ISBN ISBN 1-59339-292-3 OCLC  Number 71783328 LC Classification AE5 .E363 2007 Thorncrownjournal Doug Reed 2011

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

Nickel Metal Hydrive Battery For Electric Vehicles :: essays research papers

Electric vehicles can benefit us in many ways. Comparing with the internal combustion engine, EVs don’t cause pollution when operating. They can run in a long period of time. Economically, because these vehicles using battery, they reduce the oil import and the imbalance trading in the US and also the users save a lot of money. The cells used for these vehicles are called Nickel metal hydride battery which are very high power, long life, quick charge and easy to maintain.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  CELL REACTION   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The NiMH battery stores hydrogen as a reaction product in the solid phase. The anode electrode contain hydrogen material that can allow electrochemical storage and release of hydrogen during charge and discharge. The cathode electrode is reversible between Ni(OH)2 and nickel oxyhydroxide (NiOOH). At both electrode, oxidation-reduction reactions take place in an alkaline medium consisting of 30% by weight KOH in water. When charging, Ni(OH)2 at the positive electrode becomes oxidized and the metal hydride becomes reduced. In fact, the hydrogen which was separated from water come to react with the metal in the negative electrode to form MH. On the other hand, the hydroxyl ion ( from water) reacts with Ni(OH)2 at the positive electrode to form NiOOH. Ni now change from +2 to +3. M + H2O + e = MH + OH Ni(OH)2 +OH = NiOOH + H2O + e   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  From equation (1) and (2) there is no net change in electrolyte quantity or concentration over the charge and discharge cycle. We can see that it is different from other alkaline electrode such as NiCd which water is produced at both electrode during charge and used up during discharge. In the NiMH battery, the constant average concentration can reduce the corrosion and swelling.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  MATERIAL REQUIRED   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Because the NiMH battery need to store a large amount of hydrogen to produce high energy, it is desirable to have high electrode capacity. Importantly, in the desire of MH, the range of metal to hydrogen bond strengths must be from 6 to 12 kcal /mol. If the bond strength is too weak, hydrogen will not react with the alloys and will be evaporate as a gas. If the bond strength is too large, the MH electrode becomes oxidized and does not store hydrogen reversibly. Furthermore, the power output of the battery depend on the electrochemical kinetics and transport processes which are involved in the use of the hydride material.

Monday, November 11, 2019

Message to Garcia Essay

A Message to Garcia is serves as an inspiration for many reasons. Not only is it a prime example of the â€Å"no questions asked† attitude, it also makes you question yourself as a leader. Many will say that this essay is about the subordinate, but to me it envelopes the relationship of the team as a whole to accomplish the mission. Though there are many different leadership styles and principles but in my opinion the most prominent in this essay are communication, trust, and obedience. The main task in the essay is to get a message delivered to Garcia from President Mckinley. This takes place during the war where quick communication is imperative. However, traditional means, such as mail or telegraph, have gone out the window due to Garcia’s whereabouts being somewhere in the jungles of Cuba. Upon hearing the mission at hand, Rowan was the man for the job. President Mckinley sent for him, gave him the letter, and gave him clear instructions of what needed to be done. With that, Rowan was gone. This is a great example of clear and concise communication. Rowan understood the importance of the mission and set out to do it. Another key element in the essay is trust. As a leader you have to have trust and confidence in your training, resources, and most importantly your subordinates. How did the president know Rowan was even competent enough to complete the task? The fact is, he didn’t, he trusted the unnamed individual who gave up Rowan for the mission. This person’s trust in Rowan’s abilities was enough for the president. It’s obvious that Rowan has proven himself to be trustworthy and efficient. It also goes to show Rowan’s trust in his leader’s authority. Lastly, it comes down to obedience. Rowan’s instant willing obedience is what sets him apart from all others. Not once did he question the contents of the letter or even simply inquire as to where Garcia was even located. That in itself, is a remarkable trait to have in one’s character. Not many would act without hesitation and would lose focus on such a task. That is one of the reasons obedience plays a vital role mission accomplishment. In the end the message is never revealed, nor exactly how Rowan delivered the message. Simply put, those facts are irrelevant. My takeaway from the essay is the leadership and action put through a unit to complete the task at hand. As a leader, you need to be able to communicate with your subordinates and trust them to carry out the order. Just as Rowan was trusted to carry the message to Garcia.

Saturday, November 9, 2019

Film Genre Essay

â€Å"Words have no power to impress the mind without the exquisite horror of their reality†. Popular fascination with shock, horror and psychological thriller genre has been situated at an ultimate high, with school students wanting to learn about these popular genres. From watching videos and reading books from these exquisite genres, students receive various in site from the different eras and how those particular eras were controlled. Throughout the range of poetic genres each author has their own way of express feelings, protruding language techniques and helps show and feels emotions. Authors who illustrate genres in a particular way should be a part of the English curriculum, for the way they display the particular genres and help students understand the nature of fear, guilt and human conscience. Particular language techniques are used in shock, horror and psychological thriller genres. The language techniques have changed intensely over the years and this is due to how lifestyles are controlled and how woman and men portray themselves to each other. The differences between sentences from today society and society from years ago have changed dramatically. A sentence from ‘Macbeth,† Wherefore was that cry†. Today’s society â€Å"what was that noise or where did that noise come from†. Another quote from Edgar Allan Poe shows that the sentence structure were simple but complex and had intended to mean so much through such little words, â€Å"We loved with a love that was more than love.† Sentence from Authors who lived in different eras are interesting to study because we received a brilliant in site to how the language techniques were portrayed to being simple but complex. With the evidence provided, it is easy to see that Authors from different eras have much better language techniques. From directors, narrators, author and actor, in their plays, movies and shows a high variety on universal themes are shown. A universal theme is human emotions that the audience can relate to throughout the play, movie or show. A universal theme is themes were the actor or character is feeling sad, happy, angry or betrayed. Universal themes are defiantly very important for a student to learn about, and understand these different terms. These themes are used to interact with the audience and make the audience involved and when using universal themes in a scene it helps the audience interact  with that particular scene and helps the audience feel apart. Thirdly, students in today’s society are more engaging in English themes that they are wanting to learn about or what they enjoy learning about. With shock, Horror and the Psychological thriller genre at high demands and statistics say that these 3 genres are the most demanded genres in the world. With Shock, horror and psychological thriller genre being taught in schools, will most likely make school students engage in the Lesson more because they want to actually learn and be involved in the lesson. The final criterion is the difference in shock, horror and psychological thriller genre to now and 100 years ago has changed dramatically. These genres a long time ago were about simple fighting, simple killing, blood and guts. And in this century these genres mean people playing sick mind games and torturing, ghosts, demons, spirits, haunted houses, more in depth gory scenes and lots more. It is very important for students to learn about the difference in these genres and to compare them together they have changed a lot. School students today learn a lot from shock, horror and psychological thriller genre. The students learn a lot from particular language techniques, universal themes and how these particular genres have changed and evolved over time. If the Queensland censorship board considers banning these genres, they are taking a lot away about history that students need to learn about and are essential to the English learning curriculum.

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

Bmx Cycle Solutions Essays

Bmx Cycle Solutions Essays Bmx Cycle Solutions Paper Bmx Cycle Solutions Paper Question # I What business is LOCI in? What are the key success factors? How operations can contribute? LOCI BUSINESS: LOCI was founded in 1934 by Mr.. Sheikh Abdullah, a Former Chairman of Pakistan Cycle Cooperative Society Limited. LOCI is located at Ferrous Road, eighteen miles south of Lahore Pakistan. LOCI marketed its bicycles under the brand name Of Leader bicycles. LOCI was in bad shape and financially bankrupt , all shops run by one supervisors , its production was practically zero when Managing director at Deacon Mr.. Razor Atwood acquired LOCI in June 1999. He red new 6 engineers since 1999 in following departments like production planning, production scheduling, inventory control and quality control to set up all the necessary systems and procedures in order to turn LOCI around. In May 2002 Five bicycles -manufacturing companies (competitors) existed in market, combined capacity of these companies producing bicycles were 580,bicycles per annum, and all were running at or near capacity, the competition was very tough, up to May 2002, LOCI was producing 60,000 bicycles/annum, in May 2002, LOCI started producing manufacturing its new product named BMW cycles, for determent in this new product, after a year-long negotiation with Hercules of England, Decision acquired from them the manufacturing and technology right, in Pakistan, for the very popular BMW cycle, Hercules also agreed to send engineers to Lahore tort ten-week periods in order to help in set up the plant, tooling and train the staff KEY SUCCESS FACTORS: ;k Senior Management of LOCI wanted to introduce the BMW Cycle in market before competitors, and Mr.. Monsoon Warwick, Senior Planning Engineer, had a lot of pressure by the top management of LOCI to complete this huge production Of BMW Cycles. That m assive production was carefully planned and all the processes where closely monitored and upgraded. * Mr.. Razor Atwood, Managing Director, of Deacon, took over the LOCI in very bad shape , and he set up all necessary systems and procedures like production planning, production scheduling, inventory control and quality control in order to turn LOCI around , it is also a factor of the success of LOCI * Another key success factor was that Deacon called Hercules of England engineers to train Lolls staff. Lolls staff can also go to England for the same training for a specific period. OPERATIONS CONTRA LOCI is a Production Company so operations plays very important role. Outsourcing and subcontracting of different raw materials is done for the better result of operations. All the plants structure was designed in a way so that they can minimize the wastage and can maximize the production, Manpower was also assigned according to their expertise and labor was hired on daily wage system. Question # 2 What is your Analysis Of the BMW production process? HOW would you characterize this process? ANALYSIS OF BMW PRODUCTION PROCESS: BMW production process is almost in sequence, all processes depends on each there, if one process is skipped then they cannot complete other part of cycle, in Other wards they cannot ignore only a single process, As LOCI wanted to introduce BMW in market before competitors and management wanted to produce huge quantity of BMW cycles so LOCI purchased different finished parts for BMW cycles from several suppliers, like, seats , pedals, handle bars, frame pads, and tires were directly purchased and installed , but other side several parts, like sheet metal, metal coils, steel bars and pipes were manufactured from raw materials acquired locally and abroad. Management hired permanent and daily paid labor in all shops to complete tasks efficiently and in timely, this planning was proved very helpful to complete huge production. First process is cutting shop: This shop having 3 machines for cutting metal pipes into different lengths to use prepare bottom bracket shell, frames and handle bar, this shop run under one supervisor and 4 full time employees Second process is Bottom bracket shell shop: This Shop contained three 600 tons processes and 6 presses ranging from 60 to 00 tons, heavy parts of bicycle like B shell were manufactured in this shop this shop run under supervision of one supervisor and 4 full time employees. Handle Shop: BMW bicycle handles were manufactured at this shop completely, a specific machine automatically bent the placed pipe in a few seconds into appropriate configuration and cut the handle bars to length and knurled. These Knurled to help retain the handle bar grip. BMW enameling and Phosphates Shop: All parts of bicycle were enameling and paginating, phasing treatment enabled the steel surface to retain the enameled paint for a long time and roved a durable finish, all parties were placed on gigs and hang on a conveyer, this conveyer passed through a drying oven at a speed allowing each part to be baked at CISCO for approximately 50 minutes. Rim Shop: Bicycle Rims contained at this shop, One mm thick and 83 mm wide metal coils required to prepare rim and these rims imported trot Brazil or Japan, then front end coil was welded with back end coils and finally, the rims was bent into a required radius and cut after buffing and polishing. Press Shop: A specific machine at press shop for grinding and buffing the parts of rims and woo ends of strips had been welded together Saddle, Brake and Hub Shop: Hubs and saddle for BMW cycle were assembled at this shop, loop clips of were manufactured at LOCI , other parts like saddle frames and saddle covers were procured by vender and assembled manually at other end of same shop. Machine Shop: Pour production lathes like a grinding machine, a milling machine and four drilling machines are contained at this shop, some parts of BMW cycle check-nut, lock-nut and wheel valve produced in machine shop, this machine visas operating 50% of its capacity Electroplating Shop: Some parts Of BMW like Hub flanges, steel rims , lamp brackets, spanners and chain wheels electroplate at this shop, this machine have limited equipment capacity so double shift running six days per week for electroplating. BMW Welding line: This shop have S welding stations and a metering machine , different parts Of cycle welded and metering machine give a smooth curve at the ends of tubes (pipes) once this machine was set then all tubes automatically mitered the tube. Final Assembly Area: This area have 6 work stations, fitting machine and an assembly track conveyor, al manufactured parts of BMW cycle assemble on these 6 stations, finally all the assemblies and accessory packets were packed in a cardboard carton for delivery. Characteristics, All shops worked very efficiently and all work stations busy to prepare assigned parts on same time so its very helpful to produce huge production, management took decisions for daily paid and monthly paid employees, and paid them attractive salary. Question #3 Given the investment in BMW cycle manufacturing line, what is the payback period? Each bicycle price 2400 Gross margin Profit margin for each bicycle Production Capacity 60, coo Profit margin for 60,000 bicycles are = 199. 2 x 60000 = 11952000 Payback on 2 Years 2 Months gross margin Question # 4 Assume the enameling plant capacity is 3000 bicycles per month, as senior planning Engineer, What alternatives are available to increase BMW cycle production? As per upper managements drive to expand operations, a ten year old enameling unit that was purchased for RSI 3 Million in 1999. In order to increase production LOCI in addition to subcontracted enameling should start in house production in parallel by utilizing the unit purchased. It may have to invest on up-gradation of the unit as required to meet the current production standards. Company purchased enameling machine but they did not use it, because outsourcing and subcontracting was present in Lolls tradition so upper management should change it and its better to utilize enameling machine, bring it in use, so BMW production will definitely be increased, Question # S What is your recommendation and why? Following are the Recommendations and the reasons ;k LOCI should do some forecasting for identifying the real need of their product in the market, They should give advertisement though email, news paper and web TV add etc, *They should do SOOT analysis of their own company and their competitors. * They should improve their weaknesses, and they should produce bicycle for elders They should hire some vender for parts of BMW so it is suggested that they should arrange of those machines at their company, its also saving the cost and time. ;k For sustaining the market position more innovation is required, the designs Of bicycles should be upgraded and changed to attract the customers towards the product.

Monday, November 4, 2019

Workplace Issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Workplace Issues - Essay Example One of the more typical elements that lead to gender workforce diversity problems is the manner in which the company or firm views the independent skills and abilities of their workers, or the existence of bias and stereotyping in other people's behavior. For example, in corporate governance issues, the manner in which the company or firm views the responsibilities of males and females can inhibit or deny workers to particular occupations (Riccucci, 2002). The traits and attitudes of both males and females are also not the same from each other and can be identified as a major cause of gendered workplace problems. According to Smith (2003), males in the workplace are normally identified by dominant traits, which are the reasons why they are not lacking in self-belief, brute force, coercion, freedom, the will to win and the motivation to succeed. These traits of males enable them to utilize an aggressive managerial mechanism, which is helpful in persuading other people and enhancing the special capabilities of the workers. Meanwhile, females in the workplace possess serene traits that stand for love, respect, compassion and understanding. Females with serene traits normally talk with hesitation, manage a simple lifestyle and provide help to her co-workers (Lieberman, 2003). As these traits are not really significant components as to the manner that managers and presidents of organizations are typically viewed, females are not the immedi ate preferences for top level jobs in the firm. Males meanwhile assume their top positions as company managers and CEOs. d. What personality traits are beneficial and/or detrimental in your workplace In my workplace, males and females perform most of the time of acts as the foundation concerning how other individuals perceive them as potential CEOs of organizations. The interactive capacities for instance, which is an integral element of an excellent manager, are not the same among males and females in my workplace. As the interactive mechanisms of males are seen to be perfect for leadership positions, men in my workplace normally are always on the top candidates for highly coveted leadership jobs. e. Who is responsible for fostering motivation in the workplace Despite the various dilemmas concerning cultural workforce diversity, research studies prove that this is an essential factor of an excellent firm as well as gives positive points. According to Arredondo (1996), the hiring of an extremely diverse workforce with regards to race and ethnicity can be very helpful as it gives the company a greater roster of highly qualified individuals. This also improves the chances of the company to recruit workers that are capable enough for particular organizational deficits and necessities. In most organizational functions, workforce diversity can also support in providing a variety of helpful concepts that are critical in making informed choices. Therefore gendered workforce diversity widens the organization's views and improves its choices for establishing selections.

Saturday, November 2, 2019

Design pattern Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Design pattern - Assignment Example These receiver commands are string in nature. In this algorithm, all the commands that will be visible to the user are subclasses to the moveable command abstract class. The three objects which are moveable which include the rook, bishop and the knight are able to be moved to and from the different positions on the board. The codes for each segment of the class are given in the chart above. This design pattern models a one to many dependency between the objects in the algorithm. This design pattern is creational in nature and connects the state of an observed object the subject with many observing objects and the observers. The square view model is related to the composite class in the algorithm which in turn is related to the color background and the square state of game. The square view model object is able to position the board which is ten passed to the composite class which sets the required state of the square. The color background class sets the background color of the object and finally the square state model of the class is changed as set by the user. The main use for this approach in programming is to ensure that we maintain consistency across the states that appear to be redundant in the code and also optimize the changes so that the consistency necessary is maintained. In this approach to in pattern design, the consistency is maintained using three main var iants: The square view model object acts as the publishing notification which then subscribes to both the color background and the composite objects which then push the notification to the subscribing notification for updating. If we take into consideration a user interface toolkit that is capable of supporting multiple number of applications and controls, the game view object sets up a game on the user interface which then clears the board to create a new game. The new game has two main components sub objects which include the controllers for the object and the

Thursday, October 31, 2019

Intercultural communication Reflective Journal Assignment

Intercultural communication Reflective Journal - Assignment Example However, multiculturalism presents a huge challenge to intercultural communication (Bloomfield 2007). Therefore, it is important to learn about intercultural communication in order to overcome the obstacles that multiculturalism presents. In this reflective journal, I focus on the aspects of intercultural communication, networking, and career management. In addition, I will also reflect on two major guest presentations, one by a professional from the Butterfly movement, and another by Mr. Adam Whitefield of the World Youth International. Finally, I will reflect on the effectiveness of this journal as a learning experience. 1. Intercultural Communication The aspect of intercultural communication has been core in this course. I have gathered wide and important knowledge on this aspect, and I expect this to be the foundation of my future interactions, both at the professional and social levels. This knowledge, I have acquired through classwork, and other out-of-class activities. The mos t important thing to is that I have learnt and mastered the meaning of intercultural communication. I now understand that this kind of communication is complex and challenging, as it involves people from different backgrounds. I have read in Kalscheuer (2009), that the coming in contact of different people due to the advanced technologies and communication, presents a challenge to intercultural communication. Therefore, although this presents diverse opportunities to people, it is also a common root of conflicts today. However, this course has been eye opening to me, thus my competence level in intercultural communication has improved. Different class activities, including group work, have been a major way through which I have learnt about intercultural communication, and experienced it. Through group work, I have had the opportunity to interact with different colleagues, some of whom I do not share similar social or ethnic background. Together we have discussed, communicated, and l earnt about cultural differences from each other. This also gave me a chance to challenge my assumptions, attitudes, and perceptions I had previously held about certain ethnic groups. Therefore, today, I have learnt the importance of cultural diversity, and I have let go of all the cultural stereotypes I held about certain ethnicities. I have learnt that when one lacks knowledge about intercultural communication, they might fail to see beyond the physical appearance of an individual, because of the irrelevant assumptions and stereotypes, which act as obstructions. Through this, therefore, I have acquired considerable cultural intelligence, which will be of great benefit to my future career, especially when working in an international environment, where I have to deal with clients and colleagues from diverse ethnic backgrounds. 2. Networking With regard to networking, through this course, I have theoretically come to terms with the popular phrase, "It's not what you know, it's who yo u know." In other words, networking is an important aspect of every professional, as technical skills alone are insufficient for one to realize success in their career. This involves making connections and building relationships with different people, mainly for career support and advice. Apart from being of great value to individuals,

Tuesday, October 29, 2019

Earth Essay Example for Free

Earth Essay Earth is the planet on which we live. Earth is the third planet from the sun. The particles which compose of the mass of the earth but more particularly the particles which from the mould on the surface of Earth. The Earth is the largest member of the group of inner planets and is also the most massive. When the Earth is compared with its planetary neighbors, marked similarities as well marked differences are found. Of course, what singles the Earth out from any other planets is the fact that it has an oxygen-rich atmosphere and a temperature that makes it suitable for life of the kind we can understand. Were the Earth slightly close to the sun and slightly farther away, life here might not have developed. The purpose of this research is to let us learn more about our Planet that we are living and also aims to help us understand more about our planet. Even we have an idea what Planet Earth is all about, we must dig deeper and know the characteristics of Earth that we haven’t yet know. `The completion of this paper was made possible through my research in library, and computers. Some books, encyclopedia, dictionary, some magazines computer encyclopedia and other website, I got all I want to know. They are very helpful for my research, and thanks be to God for giving me wisdom to do this term paper alone and by myself. Earth is the third planet from the Sun, and the densest and fifth-largest of the eight planets in the Solar System. It is also the largest of the Solar Systems four terrestrial planets. It is sometimes referred to as the world, the Blue Planet, or by its Latin name, Terra. Earth formed approximately 4. 54 billion years ago, and life appeared on its surface within one billion years. Earths biosphere then significantly altered the atmospheric and other basic physical conditions, which enabled the proliferation of organisms as well as the formation of the ozone layer, which together with Earths magnetic field blocked harmful solar radiation, and permitted formerly ocean-confined life to move safely to land. The physical properties of the Earth, as well as its geological history and orbit, have allowed life to persist. Estimates on how much longer the planet will be able to continue to support life range from 500 million years (myr), to as long as 2. billion years (byr). Earths crust is divided into several rigid segments, or tectonic plates, that migrate across the surface over periods of many millions of years. About 71% of the surface is covered by salt water oceans, with the remainder consisting of continents and islands which together have many lakes and other sources of water that contribute to the hydrosphere. Earths poles are mostly covered with ice that is the solid ice of the Antarctic ice sheet and the sea ice that is the polar ice packs. The planets interior remains active, with a solid iron inner core, a liquid outer core that generates the magnetic field, and a thick layer of relatively solid mantle. Earth gravitationally interacts with other objects in space, especially the Sun and the Moon. During one orbit around the sun, the Earth rotates about its own axis 366. 26 times, creating 365. 26 solar days, or one sidereal year. The Earths axis of rotation is tilted 23. 4Â ° away from the perpendicular of its orbital plane, producing seasonal variations on the planets surface with a period of one tropical year (365. 24 solar days). The Moon is Earths only natural satellite. It began orbiting the Earth about 4. 53 billion years ago (bya). The Moons gravitational interaction with Earth stimulates ocean tides, stabilizes the axial tilt, and gradually slows the planets rotation. The planet is home to millions of species, including humans. Both the mineral resources of the planet and the products of the biosphere contribute resources that are used to support a global human population. These inhabitants are grouped into about 200 independent sovereign states, which interact through diplomacy, travel, trade, and military action. Human cultures have developed many views of the planet, including its personification as a planetary deity, its shape as flat, its position as the center of the universe, and in the modern Gaia Principle, as a single, self-regulating organism in its own right Formation The earliest material found in the Solar System is dated to 4. 5672Â ±0. 0006 bya; therefore, it is inferred that the Earth must have been forming by accretion around this time. By 4. 54Â ±0. 04 bya. The primordial Earth had formed. The formation and evolution of the Solar System bodies occurred in tandem with the Sun. In theory a solar nebula partitions a volume out of a molecular cloud by gravitational collapse, which begins to spin and flatten into a circumstellar disk, and then the planets grow out of that in tandem with the star. A nebula contains gas, ice grains and dust (includingprimordial nuclides). In nebular theory planetesimals commence forming as particulate accrues by cohesive clumping and then by gravity. The assembly of the primordial Earth proceeded for 10–20 myr. The Moon formed shortly thereafter, about 4. 53 bya. The Moons formation remains a mystery. The working hypothesis is that it formed by accretion from material loosed from the Earth after a Mars-sized object, dubbed Theia, had a giant impact with Earth, but the model is not self-consistent. In this scenario the mass of Theia is 10% of the Earths mass, it impacts with the Earth in a glancing blow, and some of its mass merges with the Earth. Between approximately 3. 8 and 4. 1 bya, numerous asteroid impacts during the Late Heavy Bombardment caused significant changes to the greater surface environment of the Moon, and by inference, to the Earth. Earths atmosphere and oceans formed by volcanic activity and outgassing that included water vapor. The origin of the worlds oceans was condensation augmented by water and ice delivered by asteroids, proto-planets, and comets. In this model, atmospheric greenhouse gases kept the oceans from freezing while the newly forming Sun was only at 70% luminosity. By 3. 5 bya, the Earths magnetic field was established, which helped prevent the atmosphere from being stripped away by the solar wind. A crust formed when the molten outer layer of the planet Earth cooled to form a solid as the accumulated water vapor began to act in the atmosphere. The two models that explain land mass propose either a steady growth to the present-day forms or, more likely, a rapid growthearly in Earth history followed by a long-term steady continental area. Continents formed by plate tectonics, a process ultimately driven by the continuous loss of heat from the earths interior. Ontime scales lasting hundreds of millions of years, the supercontinents have formed and broken up three times. Roughly 750 mya (million years ago), one of the earliest known supercontinents, Rodinia, began to break apart. The continents later recombined to form Pannotia, 600–540 mya, then finally Pangaea, which also broke apart 180 mya. Evolution of life Highly energetic chemistry is thought to have produced a self-replicating molecule around 4 bya and half a billion years later the last common ancestor of all life existed. The development of photosynthesis allowed the Suns energy to be harvested directly by life forms; the resultant oxygen accumulated in the atmosphere and formed a layer of ozone (a form of molecular oxygen [O3]) in the upper atmosphere. The incorporation of smaller cells within larger ones resulted in the development of complex cells called eukaryotes. True multicellular organisms formed as cells within colonies became increasingly specialized. Aided by the absorption of harmful ultraviolet radiation by the ozone layer, life colonized the surface of Earth. Since the 1960s, it has been hypothesized that severe glacial action between 750 and 580 mya, during the Neoproterozoic, covered much of the planet in a sheet of ice. This hypothesis has been termed Snowball Earth, and is of particular interest because it preceded he Cambrian explosion, when multicellular life forms began to proliferate. Following the Cambrian explosion, about 535 mya, there have been five major mass extinctions. [55] The most recent such event was 65 mya, when an asteroid impact triggered the extinction of the (non-avian) dinosaurs and other large reptiles, but spared some small animals such as mammals, which then resembled shrews. Over the past 65 myr, mammalian life has diversified, and several million years ago an African ape-like animal such as Orrorin tugenensis gained the ability to stand upright. This enabled tool use and encouraged communication that provided the nutrition and stimulation needed for a larger brain, which allowed the evolution of the human race. The development of agriculture, and then civilization, allowed humans to influence the Earth in a short time span as no other life form had, affecting both the nature and quantity of other life forms. The present pattern of ice ages began about 40 mya and then intensified during the Pleistocene about 3 mya. High-latitude regions have since undergone repeated cycles of glaciation and thaw, repeating every 40–100,000 years. The last continental glaciation ended 10,000 years ago.

Sunday, October 27, 2019

The Hohfeldian Analysis Of Rights Philosophy Essay

The Hohfeldian Analysis Of Rights Philosophy Essay The concept of analyzing legal rights in a broader sense was given by Professor Wesley Newcomb Hohfeld. Professor Hohfeld was born in 1879. He graduated in 1901 from the University of California and moved to Harvard Law School. There, he served in the capacity of editor of Harvard Law Review and graduated with honors in 1904. Professor Hohfeld then taught from 1905-1913 at Stanford Law School. Later in his career, he shifted to Yale Law School. He taught at the prestigious law school until his demise in 1918  [1]  . Professor Hohfeld has contributed significantly to the field of Jurisprudence. He attempted to simplify the term right by creating an analysis that separates various core concepts in law. These core concepts were then shown to be inter-related and a framework of such relationships was construed. The analysis of the connectivity in relationships can shed light on implications of policy and decision making. Thus, his work has permitted the deconstruction of legal principles into individual elements  [2]  . Professor Hohfeld has propounded that the different meanings of the term right are often conflated in a single sentence. In any given sentence, the usage is switched several times. This lack of precision in the language subsequently indicates a lack of precision in thought and the conclusions that are derived in turn. His efforts to facilitate reasoning led him to break the meaning of rights into eight unique concepts. These terms are defined with respect to one another to eliminate the presence of any ambiguity. Four pairs of opposites and correlatives are said to exist as illustrated below  [3]  . Jural Opposites comprise of the following: 1. Right/No-Right 2. Privilege/Duty 3. Power/Disability 4. Immunity/Liability Jural Correlatives are mainly constituted by: 1. Right/Duty 2. Privilege/No-Right 3. Power/Liability 4. Immunity/Disability RIGHTS AND DUTIES What is a right? A right can be defined as an interest recognized, protected and enforced by law. Justice Strong has held The word right is defined by lexicographers to donate, among other things, property, interest, power, prerogative, immunity, privilege (Walkers Dict. word Right). In law it is most frequently applied to property in its restricted sense, but it is often used to designate power, prerogative, and privilege,  [4]   Justice Jackson  [5]  further states The words right or privilege have, of course, a variety of meanings, according to the connection or context in which they are used. Their definition, are given by standard lexicographers, include that which one has a legal claim to do, legal power, authority, immunity granted by authority, the investiture with special or peculiar rights. A man has several rights over both tangible as well as intangible objects. He also possesses rights as a person such as the right to enjoy a certain reputation, the right to not be assaulted or injured, rights in a domestic environment and rights that are related to other rights e.g. contractual rights. Certain other rights of a contractual nature may also exist such as those rendered for service e.g. master and servant, doctor and patient. Rights over intangible objects would include copyrights, patents, trademarks etc. Thus, rights can be considered as advantages or benefits that are conferred by law  [6]  . Rights can be divided into 4 different kinds: Rights in the strict sense Liberties Powers Immunities The correlatives of each of these rights are illustrated below: Duties No-Rights Liabilities Disabilities Each and every right has a corresponding duty. Duty may be defined as an internal feeling of an obligation towards someone. A duty or a legal obligation is that which one ought or ought not to do. Duty and right are correlative terms. When a right is invaded, a duty is violated.  [7]  Rights and duties are like 2 sides of a coin and always go hand in hand. Thus, right and duty are correlative. This implies that if X enjoys a right against Y, then Y is duty bound to respect this right. Rights in the strict sense can therefore, be held to be benefits, which are derived from duties imposed upon others  [8]  . Several different kinds of rights exist. These are elucidated below. The first classification is that of perfect rights and perfect duties. Rights which go along with perfect duties are known as perfect rights and perfect duties are those which not only possess legal recognition but are also, strictly enforceable. Thus, a breach would constitute some action or prosecution and the State may use reasonable force if necessary  [9]  . However, both rights and duties fall short of this perfect system  [10]  . Some examples of imperfect legal rights would include time barred claims, claims that cannot be enforced due to lack of proof, certain claims against states etc. While in all these cases, there is no cause of action yet legal recognition still exists. The principle of ubi jus ibi remedium which means where there is a right, there is a remedy, serves an exception to imperfect rights  [11]  . The second category is that of positive and negative rights. The correlative of these rights are positive and negative duties and acts performed by those in whom the duty vests determine the nature of the right. A positive act relates to a positive right whereas any abstinence from it would constitute a negative right  [12]  . A third distinction is made between rights in rem and rights in personam. Both these terms have been derived from civil law  [13]  . A right in rem is a right that exists against the entire world whereas a right in personam is against a specific individual. The right to spend my money from my wallet is a right in rem but the right to recover it from a debtor is a right in personam. Similarly, the right to exclusive enjoyment of my apartment is a right in rem whereas upon the lease of the same apartment, only a right in personam would exist against the leasee. Rights in rem are considered as negative rights whereas rights in personam are usually positive in nature  [14]  . Rights in personam are predominantly derived from the existence of personal relations whereas rights in rem offer a relation between the owner and a plethora of individuals. Thus, rights in personam are held to be paucital rights and rights in rem are multital rights. A contractual right is a paucital right as it is specifically enforceable only between the parties entering into a contract. A property right, on the other hand, is a multital right as the person has a right to exclude any and every individual. In essence, it can be said that multital rights are constituted by several, separate yet identical paucital rights  [15]  . Proprietary and personal rights form the fourth category. The former is concerned with value while the latter is not. Value, in the case of proprietary rights, is derived from assets, estate, property and so forth. Rights, therefore, which are proprietary in nature deal with monetary or economic value. On the contrary, personal rights are associated with status, reputation and welfare  [16]  . Right of not being inflicted with harm and rights in respect of domestic relationships can be called as personal rights  [17]  . Rights are also divided into jura in re propria and jura in re aliena. A right in re aliena, also termed as an encumbrance, is one which detracts from another in reference to a subject. Thus, the right is limited in its ambit with respect to the superior right. For instance, a landlords right to use the property temporarily may be restricted by a tenant. The 4 main classes that constitute jura in re aliena are servitudes, trusts, securities and leases. All other rights fall in the domain of jura in re propria  [18]  . A property owner has a jus in re propria i.e. a right over the property owned while a pledgee possesses a jus in re aliena i.e. a right over another persons property. A right is known as servient when it is subject to an encumbrance whereas the encumbrance derived is called dominant  [19]  . By subletting a property, the sublessee is conferred with a jus in re aliena by the tenant. Thus, the right of the tenant is servient with respect to the sublessee but dominant as against the landlord  [20]  . Servient and dominant rights are concomitant and may vary in their degree of coexistence. Leases, mortgages and easements are examples of the same. An opposite relationship is observed in the case of principal and accessory rights  [21]  . LIBERTY AND NO-RIGHTS Liberty is defined as the exercise of a right without the interference of law. To say that A has liberty means that A can do all that pleases because there exists no duty to refrain and at the same time, no one else can prohibit X from exercising liberty. There exists a relationship between all individuals that is woven together and held in a matrix. By collectively adding all the rights and duties across relationships, the extent and degree of liberty can be determined. The classic example of perfect liberty is one where no one has any exclusive right to prevent the occurrence of a given act  [22]  . Legal liberty encompasses a sphere within which the law leaves the individual alone. Liberty, however, does not mean interference with another e.g. liberty to voice opinion on public affairs does not grant a person the right to publish defamation. Similarly, one has the liberty to self-defense against violence but no right is conferred to engage in revenge against someone who has caused the injury. A man has a perfect right to fire off a gun, means, apparently, that a man has a freedom or liberty to fire of a gun, so long as he does not violate or infringe anyones rights in doing so, which is very different thing from a right, the violation or disturbance of which can be remedied or prevented by legal process.  [23]   In Quinn v. Leatham  [24]  , Lord Lindley has stated The plaintiff had the ordinary rights of the British subject. He was at liberty to earn his living in his own way, provided he did not violate some law prohibiting him from so doing, and provided he did not infringe the rights of other people. This liberty involved the liberty to deal with other persons who were willing to deal with him. This liberty is a right recognised by law; its correlative is the general duty of every one not to prevent the free exercise of this liberty or right to deal with others is nugatory unless they are at liberty to deal with him if they choose to do so. Any interference with their liberty to deal with him affects him. Liberty is therefore, the exercise of unrestrained activity permitted under law. The primary difference between liberty and rights in strict sense is that things I may do for myself are classified as liberty whereas things which others ought to do in my respect are classified as rights in strict sense  [25]  . Legal liberty is considered as a legal right where any interference by other persons is not justified. During the expression of ones opinions, it can be stated that other persons are legally duty bound not to curtail them. However, there exist liberties which do not enjoy the company of rights of a protective nature. Thus, a landowner, who gives a license to trespass his property, can exercise an equal right to prevent the usage of his property as much as the liberty conferred by the license granted by him. The license basically serves the purpose of making an unlawful act lawful. In Clifford v. ONeill  [26]  , the Court held A license is merely a permission to do an act which, without such permission, would amount to a trespassà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦nor will the continuous enjoyment of the privilege conferred, for any period of time cause it to ripen into a tangible interest in the land affected. Similarly, a trustee has the liberty to ask for compensation from the estates beneficiaries for administration purposes. But the beneficiaries are under no duty or obligation to provide him with the same. Yet another example is that a foreigner has the liberty to enter any country of his choice but the government can exercise an equal right to prevent the individual from entering. Thus, rights when classified as liberties aid in elucidating the meaning of law  [27]  . No-right is the correlative of liberty and consequently, of no duty. It is actually a word that has been coined indicating the absence of a right. The term no-right basically implies that a certain person does not have a right against another individual in a particular respect. The evolution of this term is said to have taken place in a negative context. So, if X has the liberty to undertake a particular act, it means that Y has no-right to say that the act will not be done e.g. a trespasser has no-right to be removed with force suggesting that the occupier has complete liberty of ejection  [28]  . Another example that can be considered in the same light is that of an alien who has no duty not to enter a foreign country i.e. he has liberty to enter. By the same token, the authorities have a no-right against him i.e. they may not have any right in the strict sense though they may still possess a liberty to refrain him from entering. Cases in tort that are principally of Damnum Sine Injuria in nature i.e. incurrence of some damage without the violation of a legal right are entirely no-right situations  [29]  . POWERS AND LIABILITIES Yet another classification of legal rights can be seen in the form of powers. Several examples of powers exist. A few to name are the power to make a will, the power to sell a property if the mortgagee does not receive back the mortgage money from the mortgagor, the right of re-entry that is possessed by a landlord, the power to revoke a contract for fraud, the power to take legal action against someone, the power to punish and arraign, the power to appoint officials for fulfilling functions, the right to issue an execution in respect of a certain judgement and other such powers vested in the judiciary to meet the ends of justice  [30]  . Powers constitute interests that are legally recognized. If one possesses power, one possesses the ability to change by ones own will, the liabilities, duties, rights and any other relations of oneself or with respect to other individuals  [31]  . Powers owe some resemblance to liberties although they differ in the aspect that the act so performed need not be innocent. The power to create a will does not imply that no wrong is done in the process. It does not mean that a will is made innocently, it simply implies that a right to create an effective will subsists. In a similar light, if a landlord possesses the right to re-enter his property, it does not mean that no wrong is committed but if such an act is committed, it does imply that the lease is effectively terminated  [32]  . Powers and rights in the strict sense can also be differentiated. In the latter case, a corresponding duty always coexists whereas this is absent in the former case. An example of the same is that the right to create a will does not result in a corresponding obligation for someone else. Similarly, one can see that the power to sell the mortgagors property by a mortgagee does not create an obligation on the mortgagor to pay back the mortgage money. It does, however, confer the right on the mortgagee to receive back the sum given as a debt to the mortgagor. A debt and an action to recover money fall under two different categories. While the first case can be classified as a right in the strict sense which would correspond to a duty to repay, the latter is an example of a power given by law that imposes a liability and consequently, results in the institution of legal proceedings  [33]  . Powers can be classified based on the domains in which they are exercised. Hence, powers can be categorized as either private or public. Private powers are exercised by individuals with respect to themselves. Public powers, on the other hand, lie with state agencies or instruments that carry out public functions. Examples include powers exercised by the judiciary, legislature and executive  [34]  . Power helps to determine legal relations and thus, gives rise to either authority or capacity. The term authority is defined as the exertion of power over others whereas capacity is defined as the power exerted over oneself  [35]  . Liability of an individual arises when power is vested in another. It can broadly be defined as the alteration of a persons legal rights by the person who exercises power. A few examples that illustrate this concept are the determination of a lease by reentry of the landlord that places a liability on the tenant, liability of a disloyal partner to seek divorce, one against whom a judgement has been passed is liable to have a decree of execution issued and the liability of a mortgagor that arises from the sale of the property by a mortgagee in the event of non-payment of the loan advanced  [36]  . Liability is unconcerned with the fruitful or unfruitful result in any given case. It is inherent in nature and bears no relation with any duty to pay compensation. For instance, a person committing a tort is duty bound to pay compensation and is liable for an action to be brought against him/her as well. However, someone who is not a tortfeasor is not under any duty to pay compensation but is equally liable for an action to be instituted, that in all probability will fail, as no grounds exist. Similarly, a statute in Virginia provided that all free white male persons who are twenty-one years of age and not over sixty, shall be liable to serve as jurors except as hereinafter provided.  [37]  This enactment resulted in the imposition of a liability and not a duty. Liability is said to be harmonious in nature with no-right. If a tenants goods are seized for non-payment of rent, he has no-right not to allow his supplies to be handled by the landlord and at the same time, the liability to secure and sell the merchandise against his pleasure also remains in effect  [38]  . Liability can also be seen as an advantage or benefit. A person who professes to transfer his property as a gift through the exercise of power, the person entitled to the gift has a liability to receive it. While referring to a gift causa mortis and the liability of the donee to have his gift revoked, Justice Smith has said: The title to the gift causa mortis passed by the delivery, defeasible only in the lifetime of the donor, and his death perfects the title in the donee by terminating the donors right of power of defeasance. The property passes from the donor to the donee directlyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦and after his death it is liable to be divested only in favor of the donors creditorsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.His right and power ceased with his death.  [39]   IMMUNITIES AND DISABILITIES Another category of rights is immunity from legal power. Immunity grants an exception to change any legal relations. The right of an individual to be tried by members of society of equal standing creates an exclusion from being tried by a jury. The relationship between immunity and power is identical to that of liberty and right in the strict sense. Immunity implies a complete lack of liability  [40]  . Cases of immunity from taxation are well documented in the U.S. In Phoenix Ins. v. Tennessee  [41]  , Justice Peekham stated the following: In granting to the De Soto Company all the right, privileges, and immunities of the Bluff City Company, all words are used which could be regarded as necessary to carry the exemption from taxation possessed by the Bluff City Company; while in the next following grant, that of the character of the plaintiff in error, the word immunity is omitted. Is there any meaning to be attached to that omission, and if so, what? We think some meaning is to be attached to it. The word immunity express more clearly and definitely an intention to include therein an exemption from taxation than does either of the other words. Exemption from taxation is more accurately described as an immunity than as a privilege, although it is not be denied that the latter word may sometimes and under some circumstances include such exemptions. Disability, the correlative of immunity, is better known as inability and signifies the absence of power. The legal maxim Nemo dat quod non habet which means that no person can transfer a better title in property than what is possessed by oneself, is an expression of disability  [42]  . SUMMARY In conclusion, 4 independent, unique and distinct classes of rights are guaranteed by law. These are rights in the strict sense, where law restricts others in my respect; liberty, which permits a reasonable degree of freedom to pursue uninterrupted and unrestrained activity; power, that gives a right to execute an action effectively and immunity, which creates an exemption from being subjected to a power. A right in the strict sense imposes a duty on others, a liberty allows an action to be performed innocently, a power confers the right to accomplish effectively and an immunity denies others the right to exercise power effectively in my respect  [43]  . Correlatives are related vertically and read as is the presence of in another. Thus, duty is the presence of right in another and power is the presence of liability in another. Diagonal relationships indicate jural contradictories and are read as is the absence of in oneself. Thus, liberty is the absence of duty in oneself and immunity is the absence of liability in oneself. The contradictions of jural correlatives are connected by horizontal arrows and can be read either way as is the absence of in another. Thus, no-right is the absence of duty in another and disability is the absence of liability in another  [44]  .